I. Ukuqulunqwa kwenkqubo yobonelelo lwamandla elanga

Inkqubo yamandla elanga yenziwe liqela leeseli zelanga, isilawuli selanga, ibhetri (iqela).Ukuba amandla emveliso yi-AC 220V okanye i-110V kunye nokuzalisekisa usetyenziso, kufuneka kwakhona uqwalasele i-inverter kunye ne-switcher ehlakaniphile esebenzayo.

1.Uluhlu lweeseli zelanga eziziphaneli zelanga

Le yeyona ndawo iphakathi kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga photovoltaic, indima yayo ephambili kukuguqula iifoto zelanga zibe ngumbane, ukwenzela ukukhuthaza umsebenzi womthwalo.Iiseli zelanga zahlulwe zaba ziiseli ze-monocrystalline silicon nazo, iiseli ze-polycrystalline silicon zelanga, iiseli ze-silicon ze-amorphous.Njengeeseli ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline kunezinye iindidi ezimbini zokuqina, ubomi benkonzo ende (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-20), uguqulo oluphezulu lweefoto zombane, okukhokelela ekubeni ibe yeyona bhetri isetyenziswa kakhulu.

2.Isilawuli sentlawulo yelanga

Umsebenzi walo oyintloko kukulawula imeko yenkqubo yonke, ngelixa ibhetri igqithisa, ngaphezu kokukhupha ukudlala indima yokukhusela.Kwiindawo apho iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu, likwanalo nomsebenzi wembuyekezo yobushushu.

3.Ipakethi yebhetri yomjikelo weSolar

Ibhetri njengoko negama lisitsho kukugcinwa kombane, ubukhulu becala igcinwa luguqulo lwepaneli yelanga yombane, ngokubanzi iibhetri zelead-asidi, zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe amaxesha amaninzi.

Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokubeka iliso.Ezinye izixhobo kufuneka zibonelele nge-220V, 110V AC amandla, kunye nemveliso ngokuthe ngqo yamandla elanga ngokuqhelekileyo yi-12VDc, 24VDc, 48VDc.Ke ukuze unikeze amandla kwi-22VAC, izixhobo ze-11OVAc, inkqubo kufuneka yandiswe inverter ye-DC / AC, inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga ye-photovoltaic iya kuveliswa kumandla weDC kumandla e-AC.

Okwesibini, umgaqo wokuvelisa amandla elanga

Umgaqo olula wokuveliswa kwamandla elanga yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-chemical reaction, oko kukuthi, ukuguqulwa kwamandla elanga abe ngumbane.Le nkqubo yokuguqulwa yinkqubo yeefoton zemitha yelanga ngokusebenzisa izinto ze-semiconductor zibe amandla ombane, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "i-photovoltaic effect", iiseli zelanga zenziwa ngokusebenzisa le mpembelelo.

Njengoko sisazi, xa ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kwi-semiconductor, ezinye iifotoni zibonakaliswa ngaphandle komhlaba, ezinye zifunxwa yi-semiconductor okanye zigqithiswe yi-semiconductor, efunxwa ziifotoni, ngokuqinisekileyo, ezinye ziba shushu, kwaye ezinye. ezinye ii-photons zingqubana nee-electron ze-athom ze-valence ezenza isemiconductor, zize ngaloo ndlela zivelise iperi ye-electron-hole.Ngale ndlela, amandla elanga ukuvelisa izibini electron-umngxuma ngendlela iguqulelwe amandla ombane, kwaye ke ngokusebenzisa semiconductor yangaphakathi reaction yombane intsimi, ukuvelisa yangoku ethile, ukuba iqhekeza semiconductor ibhetri ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo eqhagamshelwe kwi. yenza amandla ombane amaninzi angoku, ukuze akhuphe amandla.

Okwesithathu, uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yomqokeleli welanga yaseJamani (imifanekiso engaphezulu)

Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga, ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhelekile ukufaka i-vacuum glass tube heater yamanzi elanga phezu kophahla.Le tyhubhu yeglasi ye-vacuum ye-heater yamanzi yelanga ibonakala ngexabiso eliphantsi lokuthengisa kunye nesakhiwo esilula.Nangona kunjalo, oku kusetyenziswa kwamanzi njengendlela yokudlulisa ubushushu bezifudumezi zamanzi elanga, kunye nokukhula kokusetyenziswa kwexesha lomsebenzisi, kwityhubhu yeglasi yokucoca ngaphakathi kwindonga yokugcina amanzi, iya kuba ngumaleko obunzima wesikali, isizukulwana. Lo maleko wesikali, uya kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal yetyhubhu yeglasi yokucoca, ke ngoko, le tyhubhu ye-vacuum eqhelekileyo izifudumezi zamanzi elanga, rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa yexesha lokusebenzisa, isidingo sokususa ityhubhu yeglasi, thatha amanyathelo athile okuphumeza isikali. ngaphakathi ityhubhu Kodwa le nkqubo, uninzi lwabasebenzisi bezindlu eziqhelekileyo abaziyo le meko.Ngokumalunga nengxaki yesikali kwi-vacuum yeglasi yesifudumezi samanzi selanga, emva kwexesha elide lokusetyenziswa, abasebenzisi banokuba yingxaki kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi wokususa isikali, kodwa baqhubeke nokwenza kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ukongeza, ebusika, olu hlobo lwe-vacuum yeglasi yesifudumezi-manzi selanga, kuba umsebenzisi uyoyika ukubanda kwasebusika, okukhokelela kwinkqubo yokukhenkceza, uninzi lweentsapho, ngokusisiseko luya kuba sisifudumezi-manzi selanga kwindawo yokugcina amanzi, ikhuphela ngaphandle. kwangaphambili, ebusika awusasebenzisi isifudumezi samanzi elanga.Kwakhona, ukuba isibhakabhaka asikhanyiswanga kakuhle ixesha elide, kuya kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwesi sifudumezi seglasi se-vacuum yeglasi yamanzi elanga.Kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, olu hlobo lwesifudumezi samanzi elanga namanzi njengoko indawo yokudlulisa ubushushu inqabile.Uninzi lwamazwe aseYurophu izifudumezi zamanzi elanga, yangaphakathi kukusetyenziswa ubutyhefu obuphantsi propylene glycol antifreeze, njengendlela yokudlulisa ubushushu.Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lokufudumala kwamanzi elanga alusebenzisi amanzi, ebusika, nje ukuba kukho ilanga esibhakabhakeni, linokusetyenziswa, akukho loyiko lwasebusika lwengxaki yokukhenkceza.Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokungafaniyo nezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zasekhaya ezilula, apho amanzi akwinkqubo anokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokufudunyezwa, izifudumezi zamanzi elanga kumazwe aseYurophu zifuna ukufakelwa kwetanki yokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi kwegumbi lezixhobo zangaphakathi ezihambelana nophahla. abaqokeleli belanga.Kwitanki yokugcina ubushushu, ipropylene glycol eqhuba ulwelo isetyenziselwa ukususa ubushushu bemitha yelanga obufunxwa ngabaqokeleli belanga eluphahleni ukuya kumzimba wamanzi kwitanki yokugcina ngokusebenzisa iradiyetha yobhedu kwimilo yediski ejikelezayo ukunika abasebenzisi. ngamanzi atshisayo asekhaya okanye amanzi ashushu kwinkqubo yangaphakathi yobushushu obuphantsi kwamanzi ashushu ashushu, oko kukuthi, ukufudumeza umgangatho, ngokulandelelanayo.Ukongeza, izifudumezi zamanzi elanga kumazwe aseYurophu, zidla ngokuxutywa kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokufudumeza, ezifana, izifudumezi zamanzi zegesi, iibhoyila ze-oyile, iimpompo zobushushu bomthombo womhlaba, njl., Ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu kubasebenzisi basekhaya.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga abucala eJamani - icandelo lomqokeleli wepleyiti ecaba

Ufakelo lweepaneli ezi-2 zokuqokelela i-solar ecwecwe eluphahleni lwangaphandle

Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezi-2 zokuqokelelwa kweplate yelanga (ekwabonakala, isignali yeTV yesathelayithi emile njengebhabhathane ifumana i-eriyali efakwe eluphahleni)

Ufakelo lweepaneli ze-12 zeplate ecaba zokuqokelelwa kwelanga kuphahla lwangaphandle

Ufakelo lweepaneli ezi-2 zokuqokelela i-solar ecwecwe eluphahleni lwangaphandle

Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezi-2 zeplate yokuqokelelwa kwelanga (ekwabonakala, ngaphezulu kophahla, kunye nesibhakabhaka)

Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezimbini ezimcaba zesolar zokuqokelelwa kwelanga (ekwabonakala, isignali yeTV yesathelayithi yebhabhathane yeparabolic ifumana i-eriyali efakwe eluphahleni; ngaphezulu kophahla, kukho ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka)

Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweephaneli ezilithoba zokuqokelelwa kweplati yelanga (ekwabonakala, isignali yeTV yesathelayithi yebhabhathane iparabolic ifumana i-eriyali efakwe eluphahleni; ngaphezulu kophahla, kukho izibane ezibhakabhaka ezintandathu)

Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezintandathu zokuqokelela amandla elanga (ekwabonakala, ngaphezulu kophahla, ukufakelwa kweephaneli zenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga angama-40)

Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezimbini zokuqokelelwa kweplati yelanga (ekwabonakala, uphahla lufakelwa isignali yeTV yebhabhathane yesathelayithi efumana i-eriyali efumana i-eriyali; ngaphezulu kophahla, kukho ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka; ngaphezulu kophahla, kufakelwe iiphaneli ezingama-20 zesolar photovoltaic yokuvelisa amandla elanga. )

Uphahla lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwepleyiti yohlobo lweepaneli zomqokeleli welanga, indawo yokwakha.

Uphahla lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwepleyiti yohlobo lweepaneli zomqokeleli welanga, indawo yokwakha.

Uphahla lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwepleyiti yohlobo lweepaneli zomqokeleli welanga, indawo yokwakha.

Uphahla lwangaphandle, umqokeleli welanga wepleyiti ecaba, uvaleleke kancinci.

Uphahla lwangaphandle, umqokeleli welanga wepleyiti ecaba, uvaleleke kancinci.

Ephahleni lwendlu, abaqokeleli belanga be-flat-plate kunye neepaneli zeenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla elanga photovoltaic zifakwe phezu kophahla;ngaphakathi kwegumbi lezixhobo kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwendlu ephantsi, iibhoyila zamanzi ashushu ezibaswe ngegesi kunye neetanki zokugcina amanzi ashushu ezidibeneyo zotshintshiselwano zifakiwe, kunye "nee-inverters" zokutshintshana amandla e-DC kunye ne-AC kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla elanga.", kunye nekhabhathi yolawulo yokudibanisa kwigridi yamandla oluntu yangaphandle, njl.

Iimfuno zamanzi ashushu angaphakathi zezi: amanzi ashushu asekhaya kwindawo yokuhlambela;umgangatho wokufudumeza - ukufudumeza umgangatho ophantsi, kunye nokudlulisa ubushushu kwamanzi kwiqondo eliphantsi lobushushu obuphantsi kwamanzi ashushu inkqubo yokufudumeza.

Kukho iiphaneli ze-solar ezi-2 zeplate ezisicaba ezifakwe eluphahleni;ibhoyila yamanzi ashushu efakwe eludongeni efakwe ngaphakathi;itanki yokugcina amanzi ashushu egcweleyo efakiweyo;kunye nokuxhasa imibhobho yamanzi ashushu (abomvu), ukubuyisela imibhobho yamanzi (ebhlowu), kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ukugqithiselwa kobushushu okuphakathi kwisixokelelwano soqokelelo selanga esicaba, kwakunye netanki yokwandisa.

Kukho amaqela ama-2 eepaneli ze-solar zokuqokelela i-flat plate ezifakwe phezu kophahla;ibhoyila yamanzi ashushu efakwe eludongeni efakwe ngaphakathi;itanki yokugcina amanzi ashushu edibeneyo efakiweyo;kunye nokuxhasa imibhobho yamanzi ashushu (abomvu), ukubuyisela imibhobho yamanzi (ebhlowu), kunye nezixhobo zolawulo lokuhamba kobushushu bokudlulisa ubushushu kwisixokelelwano soqokelelo selanga esicwecwe, njl njl. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu: unikezelo lwamanzi ashushu asekhaya;ukufudumeza ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ashushu.

Kukho iiphaneli ezi-8 zokuqokelela i-solar ezifakwe phezu kophahla;ibhoyila yamanzi ashushu erhasi efakwe ngaphakathi kwigumbi elingaphantsi;itanki yokugcina amanzi ashushu egcweleyo efakiweyo;kunye nokuxhasa imibhobho yamanzi ashushu (bomvu) kunye nokubuyisela imibhobho yamanzi (ebhlowu).Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu: igumbi lokuhlambela, ukuhlamba ubuso, ukuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu asekhaya;ekhitshini amanzi ashushu asekhaya;ukufudumeza ukuhambisa ubushushu amanzi ashushu.

Kukho iiphaneli ze-solar ezi-2 zeplate ezisicaba ezifakwe eluphahleni;itanki yokugcina amanzi ashushu edibeneyo yokugcina amanzi ashushu efakwe ngaphakathi;kunye nokuxhasa imibhobho yamanzi ashushu (bomvu) kunye nokubuyisela imibhobho yamanzi (ebhlowu).Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu: Ibhafu yokuhlambela yasekhaya ngamanzi ashushu;ekhitshini amanzi ashushu asekhaya.

Iiphaneli ze-solar zokuqokelela i-flat-plate ezifakwe eluphahleni;itanki yokugcina amanzi ashushu edibeneyo efakwe ngaphakathi;kunye nokutshatisa imibhobho yamanzi ashushu (abomvu) kunye nokubuyisela imibhobho yamanzi (ebhlowu).Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu: Amanzi ashushu asekhaya okuhlambela kwigumbi lokuhlambela.

Kukho iiphaneli ze-solar ezi-2 zeplate ezisicaba ezifakwe eluphahleni;ibhoyila yamanzi ashushu efakwe ngaphakathi kwindlu enetanki yokutshintshiselana ngobushushu edibeneyo yokugcina amanzi ashushu;kunye nokuxhasa umbhobho wamanzi ashushu (obomvu), ukubuyisela umbhobho wamanzi (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kunye nempompo yegumbi lokulawula ukuhamba kobushushu bokuhambisa imidiya engamanzi.Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu: amanzi ashushu asekhaya;ukufudumeza amanzi ashushu.

Uphahla luxhotyiswe ngeepaneli ze-solar zokuqokelela i-plate kunye nonyango lokwakhiwa kwe-thermal kwi-periphery;I-tank yokugcina amanzi ashushu edibeneyo yokutshintshiselana ifakwe, kwaye ngaphakathi kwetanki, i-2-part spiral coil exchange heat exchange device ibonakala;itanki yokugcina amanzi ashushu edibeneyo yokutshintshiselana igcwele amanzi ompompo, afudunyezwe ukunika amanzi ashushu.Kukwakho iintambo zamanzi ashushu ezixhasayo (ezibomvu), ukubuyisela imigca yamanzi (ebhlowu), kunye nokuhanjiswa kobushushu kulwelo oluphakathi lwempompo yolawulo lwegumbi.Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu: Ukuhlamba ubuso, ishawa ngamanzi ashushu asekhaya.