I. Ukuqulunqwa kwenkqubo yobonelelo lwamandla elanga
Inkqubo yamandla elanga yenziwe liqela leeseli zelanga, isilawuli selanga, ibhetri (iqela). Ukuba amandla emveliso yi-AC 220V okanye i-110V kunye nokuzalisekisa usetyenziso, kufuneka kwakhona uqwalasele i-inverter kunye ne-utility switcher ehlakaniphile.
1.Uluhlu lweeseli zelanga eziziphaneli zelanga
Le yeyona ndawo iphakathi kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga photovoltaic, indima yayo ephambili kukuguqula iifoto zelanga zibe ngumbane, ukwenzela ukukhuthaza umsebenzi womthwalo. Iiseli zelanga zahlulwe zaba ziiseli ze-monocrystalline silicon nazo, iiseli ze-polycrystalline silicon zelanga, iiseli ze-silicon ze-amorphous. Njengeeseli ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline kunezinye iindidi ezimbini zokuqina, ubomi benkonzo ende (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-20), uguqulo oluphezulu lweefoto zombane, okukhokelela ekubeni ibe yeyona bhetri isetyenziswa kakhulu.
2.Isilawuli sentlawulo yelanga
Umsebenzi walo oyintloko kukulawula imeko yenkqubo yonke, ngelixa ibhetri igqithisa, ngaphezu kokukhupha ukudlala indima yokukhusela. Kwiindawo apho iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu, likwanalo nomsebenzi wembuyekezo yobushushu.
3.Ipakethi yebhetri yomjikelo weSolar
Ibhetri njengoko negama lisitsho kukugcinwa kombane, ubukhulu becala igcinwa luguqulo lwepaneli yelanga yombane, ngokubanzi iibhetri zelead-asidi, zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe amaxesha amaninzi.
Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokubeka iliso. Ezinye izixhobo kufuneka zibonelele nge-220V, 110V AC amandla, kunye nemveliso ngokuthe ngqo yamandla elanga ngokuqhelekileyo yi-12VDc, 24VDc, 48VDc. Ke ukuze unikeze amandla kwi-22VAC, izixhobo ze-11OVAc, inkqubo kufuneka yandiswe inverter ye-DC / AC, inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga ye-photovoltaic iya kuveliswa kumandla weDC kumandla e-AC.
Okwesibini, umgaqo wokuvelisa amandla elanga
Umgaqo olula wokuveliswa kwamandla elanga yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-chemical reaction, oko kukuthi, ukuguqulwa kwamandla elanga abe ngumbane. Le nkqubo yokuguqulwa yinkqubo yeefoton zemitha yelanga ngokusebenzisa izinto ze-semiconductor zibe amandla ombane, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "i-photovoltaic effect", iiseli zelanga zenziwa ngokusebenzisa le mpembelelo.
Njengoko sisazi, xa ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kwi-semiconductor, ezinye iifotoni zibonakaliswa ngaphandle komphezulu, ezinye zifunxwa yi-semiconductor okanye zigqithiswe yi-semiconductor, efunxwa ziifotoni, ngokuqinisekileyo, ezinye ziba shushu, kwaye ezinye iifotoni ze-atomic zingqubuzana ne-electron ye-atomic valence eyenza i-electron, i-electron-conductor ivelise i-electron-homi. Ngale ndlela, amandla elanga ukuvelisa izibini electron-umngxuma ngendlela iguqulelwe amandla ombane, yaye emva koko ngokusebenzisa semiconductor yangaphakathi reaction yombane intsimi, ukuvelisa ethile yangoku, ukuba iqhekeza semiconductor ibhetri ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo eqhagamshelwe ukwenza ombane ezininzi yangoku, ukuze imveliso amandla.
Okwesithathu, uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yomqokeleli welanga yaseJamani (imifanekiso engaphezulu)
Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga, ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhelekile ukufaka i-vacuum glass tube heater yamanzi elanga phezu kophahla. Le tyhubhu yeglasi ye-vacuum ye-heater yamanzi yelanga ibonakala ngexabiso eliphantsi lokuthengisa kunye nesakhiwo esilula. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusetyenziswa kwamanzi njengendawo yokudlulisa ubushushu kwizifudumezi zamanzi elanga, kunye nokukhula kokusetyenziswa kwexesha lomsebenzisi, kwityhubhu yeglasi yokucoca ngaphakathi kwindonga yokugcina amanzi, iya kuba ngumaleko otyebileyo wesikali, ukuveliswa kolu luhlu lwesikali, kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwetyhubhu yeglasi yokucoca, ke ngoko, le tyhubhu eqhelekileyo yokufunxa izifudumezi zamanzi elanga, rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa, kufuneka ithathe imilinganiselo yokususa i-tube ngaphakathi, yonke iminyaka embalwa ifuna ukukhupha iglasi. Kodwa le nkqubo, uninzi lwabasebenzisi basekhaya abaqhelekileyo abayazi le meko. Ngokumalunga nengxaki yesikali kwi-vacuum yeglasi yesifudumezi samanzi selanga, emva kwexesha elide lokusetyenziswa, abasebenzisi banokuba yingxaki kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi wokususa isikali, kodwa baqhubeke nokwenza kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ukongeza, ebusika, olu hlobo vacuum iglasi ityhubhu isifudumezi selanga amanzi, ngenxa yokuba umsebenzisi uyoyika ebusika ebandayo, okubangela inkqubo yokukhenkceza, uninzi lweentsapho, ngokusisiseko kwakhona iya kuba isifudumezi amanzi elanga kugcino lwamanzi, ukuthulula ngaphandle kwangaphambili, ebusika ayisayi kusebenzisa isifudumezi samanzi elanga. Kwakhona, ukuba isibhakabhaka asikhanyiswanga kakuhle ixesha elide, kuya kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwesi sifudumezi seglasi se-vacuum yeglasi yamanzi elanga. Kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, olu hlobo lwesifudumezi samanzi elanga namanzi njengoko indawo yokudlulisa ubushushu inqabile. Uninzi lwamazwe aseYurophu izifudumezi zamanzi elanga, yangaphakathi kukusetyenziswa ubutyhefu obuphantsi propylene glycol antifreeze, njengendlela yokudlulisa ubushushu. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lokufudumala kwamanzi elanga alusebenzisi amanzi, ebusika, nje ukuba kukho ilanga esibhakabhakeni, linokusetyenziswa, akukho loyiko lwasebusika lwengxaki yokukhenkceza. Kakade ke, ngokungafaniyo nezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zasekhaya ezilula, apho amanzi akwinkqubo anokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokufudumeza, izifudumezi zamanzi elanga kumazwe aseYurophu zifuna ukufakwa kwetanki yokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi kwegumbi lezixhobo zangaphakathi ezihambelana nophahla lwabaqokeleli belanga. Kwitanki yokugcina ubushushu, ipropylene glycol eqhuba ulwelo isetyenziselwa ukushenxisa ubushushu bemitha yelanga obufunxwa ngabaqokeleli belanga eluphahleni ukuya kumzimba wamanzi kwitanki yokugcina ngokusebenzisa iradiyetha yobhedu ekwimilo yediski ejikelezayo ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngamanzi ashushu asekhaya okanye amanzi ashushu kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi bamanzi ashushu angaphakathi ashushu inkqubo yokufudumeza, ngokulandelelana. Ukongeza, izifudumezi zamanzi elanga kumazwe aseYurophu, zidla ngokuxutywa kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokufudumeza, ezifana, izifudumezi zamanzi zegesi, iibhoyila ze-oyile, iimpompo zobushushu bomthombo womhlaba, njl., Ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu kubasebenzisi basekhaya.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga abucala eJamani - icandelo lomqokeleli wepleyiti ecaba
Ufakelo lweepaneli ezi-2 zokuqokelela i-solar ecwecwe eluphahleni lwangaphandle
Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezi-2 zokuqokelelwa kweplate yelanga (ekwabonakala, isignali yeTV yesathelayithi emile njengebhabhathane ifumana i-eriyali efakwe eluphahleni)
Ufakelo lweepaneli ze-12 zeplate ecaba zokuqokelelwa kwelanga kuphahla lwangaphandle
Ufakelo lweepaneli ezi-2 zokuqokelela i-solar ecwecwe eluphahleni lwangaphandle
Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezi-2 zeplate yokuqokelelwa kwelanga (ekwabonakala, ngaphezulu kophahla, kunye nesibhakabhaka)
Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezimbini ezimcaba zesolar zokuqokelelwa kwelanga (ekwabonakala, isignali yeTV yesathelayithi yebhabhathane yeparabolic ifumana i-eriyali efakwe eluphahleni; ngaphezulu kophahla, kukho ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka)
Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweephaneli ezilithoba zokuqokelelwa kweplati yelanga (ekwabonakala, isignali yeTV yesathelayithi yebhabhathane iparabolic ifumana i-eriyali efakwe eluphahleni; ngaphezulu kophahla, kukho izibane ezibhakabhaka ezintandathu)
Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezintandathu zokuqokelela amandla elanga (ekwabonakala, ngaphezulu kophahla, ukufakelwa kweephaneli zenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga angama-40)
Ufakelo lophahla lwangaphandle lweepaneli ezimbini zomqokeleli welanga ezisicaba (ekwabonakala, uphahla lufakelwa i-parabolic butterfly satellite TV signal ifumana i-eriyali; phezu kophahla, kukho ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni; ngaphezulu kophahla, kufakelwe iiphaneli ezingama-20 zesolar photovoltaic zokuvelisa amandla)
Uphahla lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwepleyiti yohlobo lweepaneli zomqokeleli welanga, indawo yokwakha.
Uphahla lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwepleyiti yohlobo lweepaneli zomqokeleli welanga, indawo yokwakha.
Uphahla lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwepleyiti yohlobo lweepaneli zomqokeleli welanga, indawo yokwakha.
Uphahla lwangaphandle, umqokeleli welanga wepleyiti ecaba, uvaleleke kancinci.
Uphahla lwangaphandle, umqokeleli welanga wepleyiti ecaba, uvaleleke kancinci.
