Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-Photovoltaic ngaphandle kwegridi ayixhomekeke kwigridi yamandla kwaye isebenza ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezikude zeentaba, iindawo ezingenambane, iziqithi, izikhululo zonxibelelwano kunye nezibane zesitrato kunye nezinye izicelo, usebenzisa i-photovoltaic power generation ukusombulula iimfuno zabahlali kwiindawo ezingenawo umbane, ukunqongophala kombane kunye nombane ongazinzanga, izikolo okanye iifektri ezincinci zokuhlala kunye nokusebenza kombane, i-photovoltaic ingenalo inzuzo yezoqoqosho kunye nokukhusela umbane ococekileyo ngokuyinxenye buyisela okanye buyisela ngokupheleleyo idizili Umsebenzi wokuvelisa amandla wejenereyitha.

I-1 ye-PV ngaphandle kwegridi yokuveliswa kwenkqubo yokuhlelwa kunye nokwakhiwa
Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-Photovoltaic ngaphandle kwegridi ihlelwa ngokubanzi ngokwenkqubo yeDC encinci, inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane omncinci naphakathi ngaphandle kwegrid, kunye nenkqubo enkulu yokuvelisa umbane ngaphandle kwegrid. Inkqubo encinci ye-DC ikakhulu ukusombulula ezona mfuno zokukhanya ezisisiseko kwiindawo ezingenawo umbane; inkqubo encinci kunye nephakathi ngaphandle kwegrid kukusombulula ikakhulu iimfuno zombane zeentsapho, izikolo kunye nemizi-mveliso emincinci; inkqubo enkulu engaphandle kwegridi yeyokusombulula ikakhulu iimfuno zombane kwiilali kunye neziqithi, kwaye le nkqubo ngoku ikwakudidi lwenkqubo yegridi encinci.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-Photovoltaic ngaphandle kwegridi ngokuqhelekileyo iqulunqwe ngee-photovoltaic arrays ezenziwe ngeemodyuli zelanga, izilawuli zelanga, ii-inverters, iibhanki zebhetri, imithwalo, njl.
Uluhlu lwe-PV luguqula amandla elanga abe ngumbane xa kukho ukukhanya, kwaye lunika amandla kumthwalo ngokusebenzisa umlawuli welanga kunye ne-inverter (okanye umatshini wokulawula inverse), ngelixa uhlawula ibhetri ipakethe; xa kungabikho ukukhanya, ibhetri inika amandla kumthwalo we-AC nge-inverter.
2 PV off-igrid inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla engundoqo isixhobo
01. Iimodyuli
Imodyuli ye-Photovoltaic yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-off-grid photovoltaic, indima yayo ikukuguqula amandla emitha yelanga ibe ngamandla ombane eDC. Iimpawu ze-Irradiation kunye neempawu zeqondo lokushisa zizinto ezimbini eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwemodyuli.
02, Inverter
I-Inverter sisixhobo esiguqula i-direct current (DC) ibe yi-alternating current (AC) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla emithwalo ye-AC.
Ngokwendlela yokuphuma, ii-inverters zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-square wave inverter, inverter yenyathelo, kunye ne-sine wave inverter. I-Sine wave inverters ibonakaliswe ngokusebenza okuphezulu, i-harmonics ephantsi, ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo zemithwalo, kwaye inomthwalo oqinileyo wokuthwala imithwalo ye-inductive okanye ye-capacitive.
03, uMlawuli
Umsebenzi ophambili wesilawuli se-PV kukulawula nokulawula amandla e-DC akhutshwa ziimodyuli ze-PV kunye nokulawula ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhetri ngokukrelekrele. Iisistim ezingaphandle kwegridi kufuneka zimiselwe ngokwenqanaba lenkqubo yombane weDC kunye nomthamo wamandla wenkqubo eneenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo zesilawuli sePV. Umlawuli we-PV wahlulwe ngohlobo lwe-PWM kunye nodidi lwe-MPPT, oluqhelekileyo lufumaneka kumanqanaba ombane ahlukeneyo e-DC12V, i-24V kunye ne-48V.
04, Ibhetri
Ibhetri sisixhobo sokugcina amandla senkqubo yokuvelisa amandla, kwaye indima yayo kukugcina amandla ombane aphuma kwimodyuli yePV ukubonelela amandla kumthwalo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
05, Ukubeka iliso
Uyilo lwenkqubo ye-3 kunye neenkcukacha zokukhetha imigaqo yoyilo: ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthwalo kufuneka uhlangabezane nesiseko sombane, kunye nobuncinci beemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kunye nomthamo webhetri, ukwenzela ukunciphisa utyalo-mali.
01, uyilo lwemodyuli yePhotovoltaic
Ifomula yereferensi: P0 = (P × t × Q) / (η1 × T) ifomula: P0 - amandla aphezulu emodyuli yeseli yelanga, iyunithi Wp; P - amandla omthwalo, iyunithi W; t - iiyure zemihla ngemihla zokusetyenziswa kombane womthwalo, iyunithi H; η1 -kukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo; T -umndilili wasekhaya weentsuku zeeyure zokukhanya kwelanga, iyunithi HQ- - ixesha elisibekeleyo eliqhubekayo (ngokukodwa yi-1.2 ukuya kwi-2)
02, uyilo lomlawuli wePV
Ifomula yereferensi: I = P0 / V
Apho: I-PV isilawuli solawulo lwangoku, iyunithi A; I-P0 - amandla aphezulu emodyuli yeseli yelanga, iyunithi Wp; V - i-voltage elinganisiweyo yebhetri yepakethe, iyunithi V ★ Qaphela: Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo, umlawuli we-PV kufuneka andise umda othile kunye nokunciphisa amandla okusebenzisa.
03, i-off-grid inverter
Ifomula yereferensi: Pn=(P*Q)/Cosθ Kwifomula: Pn – umthamo we-inverter, iyunithi VA; P - amandla omthwalo, iyunithi W; I-Cosθ - i-factor yamandla ye-inverter (ngokubanzi i-0.8); Q - i-margin factor efunekayo kwi-inverter (ikhethwe ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-5). ★Qaphela: a. Imithwalo eyahlukeneyo (i-resistive, inductive, capacitive) ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqalisa ukuqalisa kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zomda. b. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo, i-inverter idinga ukwandisa umda othile kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wokusetyenziswa.
04, ibhetri yeLead-asidi
Ifomula yokubhekisela: C = P × t × T / (V × K × η2) ifomula: C - umthamo webhetri yepakethe, iyunithi Ah; P - amandla omthwalo, iyunithi W; t - ukulayisha iiyure zemihla ngemihla zokusetyenziswa kombane, iyunithi H; I-V - i-voltage elinganisiweyo yepakethe yebhetri, iyunithi V; I-K - i-coefficient yokukhupha ibhetri, ngokuqwalasela ukusebenza kwebhetri, ubunzulu bokukhutshwa, ubushushu be-ambient, kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo, ngokuqhelekileyo zithathwa njenge-0.4 ukuya kwi-0.7; η2 -ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter; T – inani leentsuku ezinamafu ezilandelelanayo.
04, Ibhetri yeLithium-ion
Ifomula yesalathiso: C = P × t × T / (K × η2)
Apho: C – umthamo webhetri ipakethe, iyunithi kWh; P - amandla omthwalo, iyunithi W; t - inani leeyure zombane ezisetyenziswa ngumthwalo ngosuku, iyunithi H; I-K -i-coefficient yokukhupha ibhetri, ithathela ingqalelo ukusebenza kwebhetri, ubunzulu bokukhutshwa, ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo, ngokuqhelekileyo zithathwa njenge-0.8 ukuya kwi-0.9; η2 -ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter; T -inani leentsuku ezinamafu ezilandelelanayo. Ityala loyilo
Umthengi okhoyo kufuneka ayile inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic, i-avareji ye-avareji yemihla ngemihla yeeyure zokukhanya kwelanga ziqwalaselwa ngokweeyure ze-3, amandla azo zonke izibane ze-fluorescent zisondele kwi-5KW, kwaye zisetyenziselwa iiyure ze-4 ngosuku, kwaye iibhetri ze-lead-acid zibalwa ngokweentsuku ze-2 zeentsuku eziqhubekayo ezinamafu. Bala ubumbeko lwale nkqubo.